According to Beck et al., (2005), “A cognitive therapist could do hundreds of interventions with any patient at any given time”1). A https://ecosoberhouse.com/ careful functional analysis and identification of dysfunctional beliefs are important first steps in CBT. The hallmark of CBT is collaborative empiricism and describes the nature of therapeutic relationship. Social skills training (SST) incorporates a wide variety of interpersonal dimensions15. The heterotrait–monotrait ratio of validity, also known as the ratio of between-trait to within-trait correlations, is used to assess the discriminant validity of different constructs. It compares the average correlations between indicators of different constructs to the averages between indicators of the same construct.

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We will do a number of things to try to restore harmony between our conflicting thoughts and behaviors. One study compared this feeling of dissonance to the sensations of being hungry or thirsty—we want to get rid of that discomfort, so we eat or get a drink of water (Cooper and Carlsmith, 2002). When one learns new information that challenges a deeply held belief, for example, or acts in a way that seems to undercut a favorable self-image, that person may feel motivated to somehow resolve the negative feeling that results—to restore cognitive consonance. Though a person may not always resolve cognitive dissonance, the response to it may range from ignoring the source of it to changing one’s beliefs or behavior to eliminate the conflict. For example, long-term cannabis users have impaired learning, retention, and retrieval of dictated words, and both long-term and short-term users show deficits in – time estimation (Solowij et al., 2002), although how long these deficits persist is not yet known.

• In research, a threshold of 0.7 is commonly used as the standard, with values greater than this being acceptable 88.
• Marikyan, Papagiannidis, and Alamanos 83 discovered a positive correlation between user addiction and cognitive dissonance, leading to discontinuous usage intention.
• A subsequent review of the literature, however, suggests that acute nicotine enhances reaction time and attention in nicotine-naïve individuals (Swan and Lessov-Schlaggar, 2007).
• While research has focused on the light side factors that influence user engagement and retention, the research on the dark side of discontinuous usage intention of pan-entertainment mobile live broadcast platform users is in a research gap.

How Does Cognitive Dissonance Affect the Recovery Process?

Even in recovery, individuals may still battle cognitive dissonance and justify relapses. Therapy, such as group therapy, can help address cognitive dissonance in addiction treatment. Examples of cognitive dissonance in addiction include viewing non-abusers as boring, believing substance abuse is a sign of artistic life, and dismissing warnings about the dangers of substance abuse as propaganda. In fact, according to Cooper (2007), “Festinger’s insistence that cognitive dissonance was like a drive that needed to be reduced implied that people were going to have to find some way of resolving their inconsistencies.

Theoretical foundations and key psychological constructs

His wife brought him for treatment and he was not keen on taking help He did not believe it was a problem (stage of change). He believed that drinking helped him across many domains of life (positive outcome expectancies regarding alcohol use and its effects, stage of change). The relationship between cognitive dissonance and addiction is complex and multifaceted. Cognitive dissonance can prevent addicts from taking responsibility for their lives and lead to a distrust of those who want to help them.

Kendra Cherry, MS, is a psychosocial rehabilitation specialist, psychology educator, and author of the “Everything Psychology Book.” There are no specific time frames within which a person navigates through the stages, and may also remain at stage for a long time before moving forwards or backwards (for example a person may remain in the stage of contemplation or preparation for years without moving on to action). Patterns of movement through the various stages are categorized as stable, progressive or unstable11. At start of therapy, Rajiv was not confident of being able to help himself (self-efficacy and lapse- relapse pattern). Cognitive dissonance occurs when a person holds two related but contradictory cognitions, or thoughts. “It depends on the immediacy of the situation and whether or not there’s any way to resolve it, but sometimes, new information cognitive dissonance addiction can lead to action,” says Dr. Prewitt.

• One example of this type of psychological research is the studies originally done by Leon Festinger in the 1950’s.
• Research into the changes in cognition that accompany addiction and the neural substrates of learning and addiction is still in its infancy but has potential to reshape views on addiction.
• The focus of CBT is manifold and the focus is on targeting maintaining factors of addictive behaviours and preventing relapse.
• Additionally, the study provides valuable information for practitioners to consider in the design of the platform, with the ultimate goal of improving user experience and promoting retention.
• The following section presents a brief overview of some of the major approaches to managing addictive behaviours.

Numerous studies have confirmed that laboratory animals’ cognitive processes improve immediately following administration of nicotine (Kenney and Gould, 2008). Similar findings in early studies with human smokers were not conclusive, because the study participants were smokers who had received nicotine following a period of abstinence. The observed enhancements might have reflected the reversal of withdrawal effects, rather than improvements over their normal cognitive powers. A subsequent review of the literature, however, suggests that acute nicotine enhances reaction time and attention in nicotine-naïve individuals (Swan and Lessov-Schlaggar, 2007). Cocaine produced similar effects in a study of rats that were treated with the drug and then exposed to a sensory stimulus; the animals exhibited enhanced neural activation when later re-exposed to the stimulus (Devonshire, Mayhew, and Overton, 2007).